ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

(1) LOCAL ROUTS :- these routes can be used for localizations lesion to accessible sites and for drugs whose systemic absorption from these sites is minimal or absent. For drugs that are absoebed from these sites the same can serve as systemic routes of administration.

e.g. glyceryl trinitrate applied on the skin as ointment or transdermal patch.

The local routes are:-

(1) TOPICAL:- this refers to external application of the drug to the surface for localized action. Drugs can be efficiently delivered to the localized lesions on skin , oropharyngeal/ nasal mucosa, eyes,ear,anal canal or vagina in the form of lotion ,ointment,cream,powder, rinse ,paints,drops,spray,lozengens,suppositories,or pesseries. Nonabsorbable drugs given orally for action on g.i. mucosa inhalation of drugs for action on bronchi and irrigating solution/jellys applied to urethra are other forms of topical medication.

(2) DEEPER TISSUES:- certain deep areas can be approached by using a syringe and needle.

(3) ARTERIAL SUPPLY:- anticancer drugs can be infused in femoral or brachial drugs can be infused in femoral or brachial artery to localize the effect for limb malignancies.

(2) SYSTEMIC ROUTES:- Drug absorbed into the blood stream through circulation

(1) ORAL ROUTES

(2) SUBLINGUAL ROUTES OR BUCCAL

(3) RECTAL ROUTES

(4) CUTANEOUS ROUTES

(5) INHALATION ROUTES

(6) NASAL ROUTES

(7) PARENTERAL ROUTES: - this refers to administration by injection

(1) SUBCUTANEOUS

(2) INTRAMUSCULAR

(3) INTRAVENOUS

(4) INTRADERMAL

Milan Tomic

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