POLIOMYELITIS

                          POLIOMYELITIS

It is a disease of children and in few cases it causes paralysis of limbs. It is a viral disease of alimentary canal but it affects nerves and muscular system mostly affecting lower limbs in children upto five years of age.

AGENT

1.Polio virus enters our body through mouth and reaches small intestine and through blood reaches to CNS


2.Virus is present in faeces, nose and oropharyngeal secretions.


3. It is also present in infected water.


4.It is destroyed by physical and chemical agents.

ENVIRONMENT

1.Polio cases occur during July to September that is during rainy season.


2.Contaminated water,of tonsils should be avoided food and flies are responsible.

3.Poor sanitation and overcrowding plays an important role in spread of the disease

 
HOST

1.It is disease of infants and children.

2.Males are affected more than females.

3.Muscular injections, certain operation.

4.Antibodies from mother are protecting children upto 6 months after that immunization is required to protect sponsible for spread of disease,the children

5.In pregnant women disease may af fect during late pregnancy

Incubation Period: 7 to 14 days

Clinical Feature


1.Mild fever, headache, upper respiratory infections etc. are first sign and symotoms of diseases which disappear after some days.

2.In some other cases these symptoms reappear along with meningeal irritation and stiffness of neck and

back.

3.Paralytic Polio may occur showing weakness of muscles and respiratory failure etc. lt causes asymmetrical paralysis in which sensation is present. Due to involvement of virus in central nervous system there is facial asymmetry,difficulty in swallowing and voice is weak


4. Respiratory involvement may even result in death



Diagnosis

1.On the basis of clinical features like paralysis pain and stiffness of muscles of back, neck etc.or sore throat and changes in voice

2. Aseptic meningitis, disability

3. Febrile illness


4. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) shows rise in protein and virus is cultured from C.S.F. and stool

Prevention

1.By means of immunisation by vaccine- that is O.PV. (Oral Polio Vaccine) which is given by mouth to the children of 0-5 years of age. It is given in 3 doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks and booster at 18-24 months(Universal Immunisation Programme)

Pulse Polio Programme

Under this programme which is organised from time to time for immunisation against polio to the children upto 5 years of age. Polio drops are given to children in Polio booths and cold chain is mairtained to keep vaccine cool from place of manufacture upto the place of its use either within deep freezers or in ice-boxes etc

3.Surveillance of cases of paralysis in children and even in suspected cases and when a polio case is found large number of children should be immunised

4.Good nursing care is required and physiotherapy will be helpful

5.Isolation of patients and it is better to refer them to hospital for treatment and rest.

6.Disinfection of water and it should be fit for human consumption

7.Chlorination of swimming pools, wells and tap water supply.

8.Proper disposal of urine and stool and destruction of flies.

9.Metal calipers should be supplied to children who are paralytic due to wasting of muscles.

Role of Health Workers

1.Immunisation of all children of their area upto 5 years of age by O.P.V.

2.Survey of houses and detection of polio cases and suspected cases and to inform higher health authorities. (Notification of cases)

3.Health education: to community that polio can be prevented by immunisation and benefits of protecting their children.

4.Motivation of mothers to have immunisation of their children against polio to protect them from Polio disability

5.On detection of case of flaccid paralysis, all childrern should be given O.P V. atleast 500 children in Urban Area and to all children within 5 kilometres radius in Rural area

6.By helping in organising pulse polio programme and mass publicity so that large number of children are beneftted by immunization

SHARE

Milan Tomic

Hi. I’m Designer of Blog Magic. I’m CEO/Founder of ThemeXpose. I’m Creative Art Director, Web Designer, UI/UX Designer, Interaction Designer, Industrial Designer, Web Developer, Business Enthusiast, StartUp Enthusiast, Speaker, Writer and Photographer. Inspired to make things looks better.

• 
• 
• 
• 
•