ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In
this lesson you will learn the meaning of human anatomy and physiology.you will
learn about the smallest unit of the body cell and how from cells different
tissues develop and lead to the formation of various organs and systems of the
body.
Anatomy
is the science which deals with the study of form and structure of an organism.
For example heart is a cone shaped muscular organ with its cavity divide into 4
chamber. Structure can we observed
grossly with the naked eye or finely with the help of microscope. With
naked eye we see heart as cone shaped organ. When we examine a thin section of
the wall of heart under the microscope we see that it is predominantly made up
of cardiac muscle cells. Physiology is the study of function of the body parts
and to know what they do and how they do it
for example the heart
Pumps
blood to various parts of the body.
OUR BODY
Our Body is compossed bones muscles,nerves
arteries
veins fat subcutaneous tissue skin and internal organs like heart liver and
lungs etc.
the
study of all these structures in the body is called anatomy.
The
study of the function of the different parts of the human body including
internal organs is called physiology.
“A cell is the smallest structrural and functional unit of
human body. It is called The building block of life.it cannot be seen by naked
eye
CELL:- human cell is formed of three parts
1. Nucleous
2.Cytoplasm
3.Cell membrane
Nucleous:- it
is centrally placed and it controls the functions of the cell. It has 23 pairs
of chromosomes out of these 22 are autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
.each gene is formed by RNA(Ribonucleic acid) DNA(Deoxy Ribonucleic acid).
CYTOPLASM:- A semi solid fluid present
around the nucleous. It Cntains a number of ultra microscopic particles
.
CELL MEMBRANE:- IT is a thin covering which surrounds the
cytoplasm
TISSUES:- Number of cells doing a particular
function is called a Tissue
Types:-
1 EPITHELIAL TISSUE
2 CONNECTIVE TISSUE
3 MUSCULAR TISSUE
4 NERVOUS TISSUE
ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY
The human body has an axial part and appendicular part.
Thorax ,abdomen,pelvic
The major organs in the abdomen are:-
1 STOMACH
2 INTESTINES
3 LIVER WITH GALL BLADDER
4 PANCREAS
5 SPLEEN
6 SUPRARENAL
GLAND KIDNEY
ORGAN & SYSTEMS
1 SKELETAL SYSTEM
2 MUSCULAR SYSTEM
3 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
4 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
5 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
6 EXCRETORY SYSTEM
7 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
8 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
9 NERVOUS SYSTEM
10 CEREBRAL SYSTEM
11 SENSORY ORGAN SYSTEM
HUMAN BODY SENS ORGANS:-
1 EYE
2 EAR
3 NOSE
4 TONGUE
5 SKIN
CAVITIES OF THE BODY:-
1 CRANIAL CAVITY:- contains the brain
2 SPINAL CANAL:- Containing
the spinal cord.
3 THORACIC CAVITY:-Heart ,lungs,large blood vessels
4 ABDOMINAL CAVITY:- stomach , intestine, kidney, gall bladder,pancreas,spleen
5 PELVIC CAVITY:- urinary bladder rectum reproductive system
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