Local Anaesthtics Drug

               LOCAL ANAESTHETICS

Introduction:-

LAs are drugs which upon topical application or local injection causes reversible loss of sensory perception , especially of pain, in a restricted area of the body . The block generation and conduction of nerve impulse at all parts  of the neurone.

DRUGS

CLASSIFICATION

1. INJECTABLE ANAESTHETIC

      1. Low potency , short duration
         • Procaine
         • chloroprocaine
      2. Intermediate potency and duration
         • Lidocaine
         • Prilocaine
       3. High potency, long duration
         • Tetracaine
         •  Bupivacaine
         • Ropivacaine
          • Dibucaine 

2. SURFACE ANAESTHETIC

1   SOLUBLE

1.Cocaine
2.Lidocaine
3.Tetracaine
4.Benoxinate
 
2    INSOLUBLE

1.Benzocaine
2.Butylaminobenzoate
3.Oxethezaine

(1)           COCAINE

It is natural alkaloid from leaves of erythroxylon coca. Cocaine is a good surface anaesthetic and is rapidly absorbed from buccal mucous membrane. It is a protoplasmic poison and causes tissue nacrosis.cocaine produces prominent CNS stimulation with market effect on mood and behaviour.

Cocaine also stimulated vagal centre – bradycardia

Vasomotor centre- rise in bp

Vomiting centre-nausea and vomiting

Temperature resulting center-pyrexia

(2)           PROCAINE

            It is the first synthetic local anaesthetic drug in 1905.

(3)           LIDOCAINE/  LIGNOCAINE

LA good both for surface application as well as injection injected around a nerve it block conduction within 3 min.

LAs

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Milan Tomic

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