DRUGS USED IN MENTAL IIINESS ANTIPSYCHOTIC AND ANTIMANIC DRUGS
Psychoses:
These are severe psychiatric illness with serious distortion of thought, behaviour, capacity to recognise reality and of perception .
There is inexplicable misperception and misevaluation the patient is unable to meet the ordinary demands of li
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (Neuroleptics)
CLASSIFICATION
1 Phenothiazines
Chlorpromazine
Triflupromazine
Thiaridazine
Trifluoperazine
Fluphenazi
2 Butyrophenones
Haloperidol
Trifluperidol
Penfluridol
3 Thioxanthenes - Flupenthixol
4 Other heterocyclics - Pimozide, Loxapine
5 Atypical antipsychotics
Clozapine
Risperidone
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Aripiprazole
Ziprasidone
1 Triflupromazine
Used :- used mainly as antiemetic
2 Thioridazine
Used:- anticholinergic action
3 Trifluoperazine
Used:- They have minimum autonomic actions
4 Haloperidol
Used:- antipsychotic
ADVERSE EFFECTS
1 CNS
Drowsiness
Lethargy
Mental confusion
Tolerance develops
Increased appetite
Weight gain
Aggravation of seizures in epileptics
2 CVS
Postural hypotension
Palpitation
Inhibition ejaculation
3 ANTICHOLINERGIC
Dry mouth
Blurring of vision
Constipation
Urinary hesitancy in elderly males
4 ENDOCRINE
This can lower Gn levels but Amenorrhoea
Infertility
Galactorrhoea and gynaecomastia occur infrequently after prolonged treatment.
DRUGS USES
1 PSYCHOSES
2 ANXIETY
3 AS ANTIEMETIC
ANTIDEPRESSANTS DRUG
These are drugs which can elevate mood in depressive illness. Practically all antidepressants affect monoaminergic transmission in the brain in one way or the other and many of them have other associated properties.
Classification of drug
1 Reversible inhibitors of MAO-A
Maclobemide
Clorgyline
2 Tricyclic antidepressants
Imipramine
Amitriptyline
Trimipramine
Doxepin
Dothiepin
Clomipramine
Desipramine
Nortriptyline
Amoxapine
Reboxetine
3 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Citalopram
Escitalopram
4 Atypical antidepressants
Trazodone
Mianserin
Mirtazapine
Venlafaxine
Duloxetine
Tianeptine
Amineptine
Bupropion
USES
1 Endogenous depression
2 obsessive compulsive and phobic states
3 Anxiety disorders
4 Neuropathic pain
5 Enuresis
6 Migraine
7 Pruritus
ANTIANXIETY DRUGS
ANXIETY
It is an emotional state unpleasant in nature associated with uneasiness discomfort and concern or fear about some defined or nudefined future threat. Some degree of anxiety is a part of normal life. Treatment is needed when it is disproportionate to the situation and excessive. Some psychotics and depressed patients also exhibition.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIANXIETY DRUGS
1 Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Dose - 5 - 30 mg
Chlordiazepoxide
Dose- 20 - 100 mg
Oxazepam
Dose - 30 - 60 mg
Lorazepam
Dose - 1 - 6 mg
Alprazolam
Dose- 0.25 - 1.0 mg TDS upto 6 mg/day
2 Azapirones
Buspirone
Dose 5- 15 mg OD - TDS
Gepirone
Ispapirone
3 Sedative antihistaminic - Hydroxyzine
4 Beta blocker - Propranolol
TREATMENT OF ANXIETY
Anxiety is a universal phenomenon and to experience it in appropriate circumtances is the normal response. It may serve to enhance vigilance and drive.However if anxiety symptoms are frequent and persist/suffering and markedly impair performance. It should be treated with drugs only when excessive and disabling in its own right.
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