AMOEBIASIS
Amoebic Dysentery is a disease caused by unicellular amoeba called Entamoeba histolytica
Dysentery is a parasitic infection in intestine of man causing intestinal amoebiasis or extra-intestinal amoebiasis in lungs, liver, spleen, brain etc.
Agent: Entamoeba histolytica It is a unicellular organism
Environment:
1.Contaminated water/food
2.Contaminated fruits and vegetables
3. If food is touched by Food Handlers
4. Poor sanitation
Host: All ages, both sexes,he is infective of passing cysts in stool.
Mode of Transmission:
1. Faeco-oral route
2. Flies
3. Homosexuals
4.Spread by contaminated water and food
Clinical Features:
pain in abdomen; loose motions with small amount of stool blood and mucus in the stool.
Treatment:
Tablet Metronidazole 30 mgkg/d in 3 divided doses for 5 days.
Tablet Tinidazole 600mg BD. X 5 Days
Prevention and Control:
»Washing of hands with soap before eating and after defaecation.
»Safe disposal of human excreta
»Chlorination of water and disinfection of walls twice a week
»Food hygiene-Destruction of food exposed to flies
»Personal Hygiene
»Fruits should be eaten after proper washing
»Boiling / Filteration of Water
»Health education to community
2.Hook Worm (Ancylostoma duodenale)
Parasitic infection which causessevere anaemia and occurs while walking bare foot.it is quite common in the areas where there is practice of passing stool in open i.e. open defaecation:
Adult Hookworm
1.Lives in small intestine of man
2 Male adult smaler than female about 8 mm and 12 mm respectively greyish white, cylindrical
3.It has anterior and posterior ends.
4.It has genital openings.
5.Adult worm can live in small intestine for 3-4 years.
Life cycle:
A.Eggs: are oval, colourless eggs with thick walls are passed with faeces.(stool) by infected man in soil.
B.Development of Eggs in soil: From eggs larvas are hatched out in soil development takes plaçe in shades i.e.undertrees where moisture is also present.
C.Entrance into New Host
If a man walks bare foot, larva penetrates the skin of the sole of foot or fingers and reaches subcutaneous tissues and reaches through blood circulation from heart to lungs (Alveolar space), migrates to trachea, and swallowed to oesophagus, stomach and finally small intestine and develops into male and female adult worms.
Hook Worm (Parasite)
↓
Adult Hookworm in small intestine of man
↓
Male/Female
↓
Eggs in soil
↓
Rhabditiform larva
↓
Filariform larvae (infective)
↓
Infection comes in man
↓
Penetrates sole of foot-skin between toes
↓
Lymph and Blood Circulation
↓
Heart
↓
Lungs-Alveoli
↓
Oesophagus
↓
Small Intestine
↓
Larva
↓
Develop into Adult Male and Female mature Hook worm
↓
Liberates Eggs
↓
Life cycle of Hookworm
Clinical Features:
1. Allergy
2. Bronchitis
3. Severe anaemia- pale and white skin
4. Pain in abdomen
Diagnosis:
Stool Examination
Prevention:
1Avoid passing the stool in the field
2While walking wear shoes
Role of Health Worker:
1.Proper Disposal of Human excreta
2.Discourage open defaecation
3.Wear shoes
4.Refer the cases of severe anaemia to doctors especially in pregnant women.
ASCARIASIS (ROUND WORM)
We have seen so many times adult worm of ascaris come out from noseo mouth while passing stool.
It looks like earthworm. It is parasite which is quite large in size-white apinkish in colour.
How it looks like?
It is round, that is why we call it round worm also, which is light brown with both the ends tapering.
male: It is 15 to 20 cms in length. It's tail end is curved
Female: Measures 20 to 35cm in length (approx.) longer and quite stout than male.
Eggs: They come out along with stool in soil and mainly passed with the stool in open soil.
Portal of Entry: Eggs enter in gastro-intestinal tract and along with food and water than formation of larvas which are passing through lungs and convert into male and female adults in small intestine.
Round Worm (Parasite)
↓
Eggs in Stool
↓
Contamination of Food-Vegetables
↓
Infection comes in Man
↓
Intestine
↓
Formation of Larva
↓
Liver
↓
Lungs
↓
Trachea
↓
Throat then to stomach
↓
Small Intestine
↓
Develop into Adult Male and Female (Mature roundworm)
↓
Liberates Eggs
↓
Life cycle of Round worm(Ascaries)
↓
Adult Ascaris
Clinical Features:
1.Anaemia
2.Allergy and difficulty in breathing
3.Eosinophilia
4.Alergy due to body fluid of adult worm
5.Blocking of intestine due to adults male and female
6.Intestinal Obstruction
Dlagnosls:
1.Examination of Stool
2.Adult worm present in vomit/stool
Treatment:
Tab. Mebendazole and Albendazole
Preventlon:
1.Disposal of Excreta by Proper Method
2.Treatment of patients
3.Personal hygiene
4.Food Hygiene
5.Avoid passing stool in the field
Role of Health Worker:
1.Early diagnosis of cases
2.Personal Hygiene
3.Sanitation of Area
4.Discourage open defaecation
Amoebic Dysentery is a disease caused by unicellular amoeba called Entamoeba histolytica
Dysentery is a parasitic infection in intestine of man causing intestinal amoebiasis or extra-intestinal amoebiasis in lungs, liver, spleen, brain etc.
Agent: Entamoeba histolytica It is a unicellular organism
Environment:
1.Contaminated water/food
2.Contaminated fruits and vegetables
3. If food is touched by Food Handlers
4. Poor sanitation
Host: All ages, both sexes,he is infective of passing cysts in stool.
Mode of Transmission:
1. Faeco-oral route
2. Flies
3. Homosexuals
4.Spread by contaminated water and food
Clinical Features:
pain in abdomen; loose motions with small amount of stool blood and mucus in the stool.
Treatment:
Tablet Metronidazole 30 mgkg/d in 3 divided doses for 5 days.
Tablet Tinidazole 600mg BD. X 5 Days
Prevention and Control:
»Washing of hands with soap before eating and after defaecation.
»Safe disposal of human excreta
»Chlorination of water and disinfection of walls twice a week
»Food hygiene-Destruction of food exposed to flies
»Personal Hygiene
»Fruits should be eaten after proper washing
»Boiling / Filteration of Water
»Health education to community
2.Hook Worm (Ancylostoma duodenale)
Parasitic infection which causessevere anaemia and occurs while walking bare foot.it is quite common in the areas where there is practice of passing stool in open i.e. open defaecation:
Adult Hookworm
1.Lives in small intestine of man
2 Male adult smaler than female about 8 mm and 12 mm respectively greyish white, cylindrical
3.It has anterior and posterior ends.
4.It has genital openings.
5.Adult worm can live in small intestine for 3-4 years.
Life cycle:
A.Eggs: are oval, colourless eggs with thick walls are passed with faeces.(stool) by infected man in soil.
B.Development of Eggs in soil: From eggs larvas are hatched out in soil development takes plaçe in shades i.e.undertrees where moisture is also present.
C.Entrance into New Host
If a man walks bare foot, larva penetrates the skin of the sole of foot or fingers and reaches subcutaneous tissues and reaches through blood circulation from heart to lungs (Alveolar space), migrates to trachea, and swallowed to oesophagus, stomach and finally small intestine and develops into male and female adult worms.
Hook Worm (Parasite)
↓
Adult Hookworm in small intestine of man
↓
Male/Female
↓
Eggs in soil
↓
Rhabditiform larva
↓
Filariform larvae (infective)
↓
Infection comes in man
↓
Penetrates sole of foot-skin between toes
↓
Lymph and Blood Circulation
↓
Heart
↓
Lungs-Alveoli
↓
Oesophagus
↓
Small Intestine
↓
Larva
↓
Develop into Adult Male and Female mature Hook worm
↓
Liberates Eggs
↓
Life cycle of Hookworm
Clinical Features:
1. Allergy
2. Bronchitis
3. Severe anaemia- pale and white skin
4. Pain in abdomen
Diagnosis:
Stool Examination
Prevention:
1Avoid passing the stool in the field
2While walking wear shoes
Role of Health Worker:
1.Proper Disposal of Human excreta
2.Discourage open defaecation
3.Wear shoes
4.Refer the cases of severe anaemia to doctors especially in pregnant women.
ASCARIASIS (ROUND WORM)
We have seen so many times adult worm of ascaris come out from noseo mouth while passing stool.
It looks like earthworm. It is parasite which is quite large in size-white apinkish in colour.
How it looks like?
It is round, that is why we call it round worm also, which is light brown with both the ends tapering.
male: It is 15 to 20 cms in length. It's tail end is curved
Female: Measures 20 to 35cm in length (approx.) longer and quite stout than male.
Eggs: They come out along with stool in soil and mainly passed with the stool in open soil.
Portal of Entry: Eggs enter in gastro-intestinal tract and along with food and water than formation of larvas which are passing through lungs and convert into male and female adults in small intestine.
Round Worm (Parasite)
↓
Eggs in Stool
↓
Contamination of Food-Vegetables
↓
Infection comes in Man
↓
Intestine
↓
Formation of Larva
↓
Liver
↓
Lungs
↓
Trachea
↓
Throat then to stomach
↓
Small Intestine
↓
Develop into Adult Male and Female (Mature roundworm)
↓
Liberates Eggs
↓
Life cycle of Round worm(Ascaries)
↓
Adult Ascaris
Clinical Features:
1.Anaemia
2.Allergy and difficulty in breathing
3.Eosinophilia
4.Alergy due to body fluid of adult worm
5.Blocking of intestine due to adults male and female
6.Intestinal Obstruction
Dlagnosls:
1.Examination of Stool
2.Adult worm present in vomit/stool
Treatment:
Tab. Mebendazole and Albendazole
Preventlon:
1.Disposal of Excreta by Proper Method
2.Treatment of patients
3.Personal hygiene
4.Food Hygiene
5.Avoid passing stool in the field
Role of Health Worker:
1.Early diagnosis of cases
2.Personal Hygiene
3.Sanitation of Area
4.Discourage open defaecation
Hi. I’m Designer of Blog Magic. I’m CEO/Founder of ThemeXpose. I’m Creative Art Director, Web Designer, UI/UX Designer, Interaction Designer, Industrial Designer, Web Developer, Business Enthusiast, StartUp Enthusiast, Speaker, Writer and Photographer. Inspired to make things looks better.
0 comments:
Post a Comment